Probability Theory Statistics Essay Example For Students

Likelihood Theory Statistics Essay The Collier Encyclopedias definition for likelihood is the worry for occasions that are not sure and the sensibility of one desire over another. These desires are normally founded on certain realities about past occasions or what is known as insights. Collier depicts measurements to be the study of the characterization and control of information so as to draw deductions. Derivations here can be perused to mean desires, prompting the end that the two go connected at the hip in achieving what humankind has attempted to achieve since the get-go ;#8211; foreseeing what's to come. It is the idea of science this is the most exact approach to foresee occasions yet to happen and this has lead to it being the most broadly acknowledged fortune telling; device on the planet today. Likelihood and Statistics most across the board use is in the field of betting. Betting is huge everywhere throughout the world and heaps of cash is won and lost with their guide. In horse dashing particularly the measurements of a pony as far as its state of being and winning history influence quantities of people into accepting that the scientific proof that is inferred can really be a decent marker of a races result. Generally it is if the chances or likelihood are extraordinary for the ideal result. Anyway what's to come is dubious and races can turn out any of various ways. The field of medication is another high supporter of this estimating method. Potential judgments are every now and again made dependent on a patients history or that of his precursors and the determined probability of him/her procuring certain conditions. Insights and likelihood help in the dynamic procedure of which test might be required for a given indication and how a potential episode might be recognized and contained. Methodologies for secluding and managing illnesses are regularly made with the guide of insights on the level of a populace that may have been contaminated and the likelihood of its acceleration. The climate forecasters use likelihood and insights the same amount of if not more than some other field on earth. As climate designs are not completely comprehended and are dynamic, investigators need to depend vigorously on past climate frameworks and examples to theory or gauge the chance of present climate frameworks to act in comparative habits. On the off chance that the likelihood of its conduct, subject to specific components, in one way over another is high forecasters settle on choices with regards to how to exhort the general population. This is urgent as an inappropriate counsel in a given circumstance can prompt the death toll just as property. Likelihood and measurements assume their most significant jobs in these fields medication and climate. Numerous different features of life utilize these devices of forecast, including sports, military arranging, schools, police and any zone where an expectation of the most probable event is important. One can never be sure beyond a shadow of a doubt of what's on the horizon yet likelihood and insights are the nearest things to knowing without a doubt. .

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay Pinterest is a site that lets people or organizations assemble and share the various intriguing things, pictures, recordings, or anything that intrigues them; It is basically a network of caretakers (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The term pin alludes to posting or putting a thing on your pinboard (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). People use pinboards to embellish their family units/workplaces, structure their weddings, find out about new plans, and other fascinating things (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The site permits clients to peruse through different pinboards of people or brands; perusing through pinboards is an energizing method to find new thoughts (Pinterest, 2012, p.2). Pinterest clients are urged to associate with the substance by repining it, sharing pins on Facebook and Twitter or by means of email, and in any event, installing singular pins on their site or blog (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9). . 1.1 Brief History of Pinterest Pinterest was made by an organization called Cold Brew Labs in 2009 (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). Cold Brew Labs at first comprised of three organizers, yet a few months after the fact it comprised of just Ben Silberman and Paul Sciarra (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). It has since developed to become one the best and most utilized web-based social networking stage. As of Fall 2012, Pinterest had more than 11 million clients, of which up to 80% of the clients are ladies between the ages of 25 and 55 (Hayden, 2012, p.1). As indicated by Beth Hayden (2012), the segment is moving and there are more men joining Pinterest, she likewise proceeds to discuss how Pinterest clients are genuinely rich, with a normal compensation of $50,000. 1.2 SWOT Analysis of Pinterest The significant qualities of Pinterest are its clients, its fun and simple interface, its capacity to expand traffic, capacity to build deals, and its abilty to connection and lead (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9-12). The significant shortcomings of Pinterest are spams, the way that it isn't on all cell phones, and furthermore the way that they are yet to build up a reasonable, successful income mode (Hubspot, 2012). Openings accessible for Pinterest are assume control over/mergers, increasingly versatile applications, and. Dangers are clone destinations, biggers locales like google, facebook (Hubspot, 2012). 2. How Are They Influencing Social Media? 3-5 years prior a normal online client would need to approach companions or expert for wedding tips, home dã ©cor tips, or even food tips. Today, Pinterest is changing the manner in which we get to data, we no longer need to pay an expert for wedding tips, home dã ©cor tips, and so on. In any case, the principle question is how does that impact web-based social networking? Indeed, Pinterest has filled the void web based life mammoths Facebook and Twitter have neglected to fill by giving purchasers and merchants the ideal medium to trade thoughts outwardly. At present, Pinterest is driving more referral traffic than LinkedIn, Google+ and YouTube joined, the main internet based life stage driving more traffic than Pinterest is Facebook (Hayden, 2012, p.11) Pinterest, whose clients have been demonstrated to purchase more things, go through more cash, and complete a larger number of exchanges online than some other website (Crum, 2012, p. 2). To put it plainly, the individuals who use Pinterest are the ones at the core of each web based life outlet available nowadays, and what theyre taking a gander at and purchasing is basic to any effective shipper (Crum, 2012, p. 2). 3. In what manner Can Businesses Effectively Use Pinterest Pinterest presents organizations with an assortment of exercises you can start to advertise your organization to another crowd (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22). The objective is to increment or achieve brand acknowledgment, direct people to your site and be effective at moving the new visits into leads or potentially deals (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22) Pinterest is an amazing web based life stage for organizations that depend on high-volume of site traffic to expand deals. Truth be told, early research demonstrates that Pinterest is increasingly compelling at driving traffic contrasted with other online life locales, even Facebook (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 10). By the day's end, whats going to issue most is how much traffic, leads, deals, and clients you produce by means of Pinterest (Hubspot, 2012, pg.27). What is the conduct of traffic? What theme drives traffic? Investigation apparatuses like Pin Alert, Pinerly, and Pinvolve can enable a business to screen and measure development (Honigman, 2012, p.1). 3.1 How To Drive Website Traffic or potentially Sales Via Pinterest As a matter of first importance, the business needs to understand that it needs to pick up devotees, and the most straightforward approach to do this is by turning into a data caretaker for your specialty (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Assemble the most current and best assets on your sheets. Become a confided in wellspring of data on Pinterest, and your following will develop significantly (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Likewise, Connect your record with your Facebook and Twitter accounts. Not exclusively will it assist you with picking up supporters, however making this association includes web-based social networking symbols under your profile picture that connect to your Facebook and Twitter profiles (Hayden, 2012, p.1). A great deal of brands have just begun making challenges utilizing Pinterest. Hold a challenge that requests that clients make a pinboard for their own to exhibit what they love about your image, items, or administrations (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 25) Make it too simple for site guests to share your visual substance or pictures on Pinterest by adding a Pin It catch to your site (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Much the same as other online networking sharing catches, this will assist with presenting your image to another crowd (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Offer selective Pinterest advancements. Make sticks that give extraordinary advancements for tailing you on Pinterest (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Make a board that recounts to the tale of your organization and imparts your basic beliefs. Make this board accessible to individuals as a feature of your business procedure (Hayden, 2012, p.1). 4. Brands Already On Pinterest Pinterest offers an extraordinary medium to interface with your crowd. The brands that have been best arent simply empowering clients to stick their substance; rather, theyre getting in on the sticking themselves (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) In contrast to Twitter, The top profiles, possessed by people, on Pinterest are more than multiple times bigger than the top profiles claimed by organizations, and none are VIP accounts (business insider, 2012). People who have been fruitful have kept it basic: Lots of pictures of food and style (Minato, 2012, p.2) Pinterest offers an extraordinary medium to associate with your crowd. The brands that have been best arent simply empowering clients to stick their substance; rather, theyre getting in on the sticking themselves. (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) The following are 5 brands that are progressing admirably: Immaculate Pallete Drake University Mashable Money Street Journal Entire Foods Market 4.1 What are they doing well? While Pinterest is still exceptionally youthful and its actual ROI is not yet clear, here are three instances of brands who are as of now utilizing Pinterest the correct way: to connect with fans in an important way that gets them to respond, share, and even believer (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) The Perfect Palette, a wedding blog that investigates the shading palette opportunities for your wedding and serves, as an asset for other wedding thoughts, would appear to be an ideal counterpart for Pinterest and it is (Wasserman, 2012, p.1). Drake University for example utilizes Pinterest to associate with understudies and assist them with exploring grounds life, they likewise grandstands things its understudy populace may really be keen on: dress that coordinates the schools hues, room dã ©cor ideal for the residence, advisers for making modest food look and taste wonderful, and study motivations (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 39). On the off chance that you are a potential understudy, you can get the hang of all that you have to think about the school with only a couple of fast looks (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) In the mean time, since Pinterest looks somewhat like a paper, the Wall Street Journal made it into a real paper. The paper takes the most intriguing statements from its articles, features them on its Quotes Board and afterward urges clients to tap on them (Minato, 2012, p.1). Food is one of the significant specialties or shared interests on Pinterest. Truth be told, food darlings were among the first on Pinterest; they saw the advantages of sticking as opposed to cutting plans. These foodies utilized sheets to design evening gatherings, gather occasion heating thoughts, and make their own virtual cookbooks (Helm, 2012, p.4). 5. End As should be obvious, the secret to prevailing on Pinterest isnt fundamentally about flaunting your items or administrations straightforwardly. Its about finding imaginative approaches to show how those items and administrations fit into the ways of life of your intended interest group (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Take the prescribed procedures we have shared here and begin sticking substance that speaks to your organization personality and pulls in guests back to your site (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). At last, dont put a huge amount of exertion in showcasing on Pinterest except if you can gauge the consequences of your exercises (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Be savvy about the manner in which you organize your advertising activities and watch out for the particular advantages this new informal organization can give to your business (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Toward the end, it comes down to this: make a stunning item, and individuals will get it (Patterson, 2011, p.1)

The Constitution In The Codified - Free Essay Example

The constitution in the codified, or widely known as written form is said to promise entrenched liberties compared to the unwritten constitution. No amending powers can affect the stipulated status if the fundamental rights of citizen. However, it is indeed theoretical in nature when we have clear examples of the violation of citizens right in the constitution of Malaysia and Singapore. Both countries codify their constitution. Yet, the citizens do not enjoy the full privilege of being free. On the other hand, countries like the United Kingdom is classified with having an unwritten constitution which implies that the country practices parliamentary supremacy instead of constitutional sovereignty as in Malaysia and Singapore. Still, their fundamental rights are so entrenched moreover with the existence of the European Court of Human Rights Convention. It cannot be denied that liberties stipulated in an unwritten constitution do pose a danger as the rights of the citizens could be revoked anytime of the day but it has been proven in some countries that the fundamental rights of the citizens will never be touched under any circumstances. Nevertheless, it is not all written constitutions that restrict the liberties of citizens. The United States of America places utmost priority to the liberties that must be granted to the citizens no matter what. It is considered an outrage to the fundamental beliefs that is the foundation of the constitution in America. Of course much has been debated about the different values upheld by the eastern and western countries in the formation of the constitution. In the West, the rights of a human being are paramount whereas in the East, the welfare of the society is placed above the rights of an individual. Now when we say that the Malaysian constitution actually poses tight restriction to the fundamental liberties of a citizen, we are referring to provisions like Article 149 and 150, besides Acts enacted for instance the Internal Security Act 1960. Shad Saleem Faruqi has divided the restrictions on the fundamental liberties in the Federal Constitution namely, ordinary legislation enacted under the authority of the constitutional provision granting the right may impose, provisions on subversion may curtail fundamental liberties, fundamental rights except freedom of religion may be suspended under any legislati on enacted to battle emergency and rights conferred by the basic law is in danger of being abolished or curtailed under constitutional amendments. Till today, Malaysia is still under four emergency declarations many laws have been enacted under this provision. The four emergency declarations are the Indonesian Confrontation 1964, political crisis in Sarawak only (1966), racial riot in 1969 and political crisis in Kelantan only in 1977. None of these declarations have been removed or annulled. We must be aware of the fundamental liberties stipulated under Part 2 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia namely Article 5 on the liberty of a person, Article 6 on the prohibition of slavery and forced labour, protection against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials in Article 7, equality in Article 8, freedom of movement in Article 9, freedom of speech, assembly and association in Article 10, Article 11 on the freedom of religion, rights to education in Article 12 and Article 13 on the rights to property. As it is, the only articles that have no restrictions on it is Article 6 on the prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Article 7, 8 and 12. It is indeed frustrating in the legal and judicial sense that we are not allowed to mature in our fundamental liberties. Before, it was expressed in the provisions that such restrictions are subjected to judicial review but after some amendments in the 1960s, judges are only allowed to review on the procedural rather than the substantive elements brought forward by the provisions concerned. In Madhavan Nair v PP [1975] 2 MLJ 264: The Malaysian High Court had declared that the use of subjective words in article 10(2) like necessary or expedient rendered it not within the competency of the courts to question the necessity or expediency of the legislative provision. The judiciary has been appointed an important role of reconciling the conflicting demands between the fundamental liberties of the citizens and the resp onsibilities of the state whereby the court can remedy the violation of the rights of citizens through the writ of habeas corpus, mandamus, certiori and others. Tun Suffian in Re Datuk James Wong Kim Min observed that The laws affect the liberty of the subject and in the case of doubt or ambiguity; they should be interpreted against the authority and in favour of the citizen. Raja Azlan Shah declared in Pengarah Tanah Galian, WP v Sri Lempah Enterprise Sdn Bhd : Unfettered discretion is a contradiction in termsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ Every legal power must have legal limits, otherwise there is dictatorship. The Courts are the only defence of the liberty of the subject against departmental aggression. In these days when government departments and public authorities have such great powers and influence, this is a most important safeguard for the citizen; so that the courts can see that these great powers and influence are exercised in accordance with law. With regard to t he above, it is vital that the legislators make serious amendments to the provision s of the constitution to relieve the citizens of the bondage of restriction that prevents the fulfilment of the ideology of constitutionalism. Next, we look upon briefly on the Constitution of Singapore. The Constitution of Singapore is the grundnorm of the land. It stipulates the fundamental principles and framework for the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary the three organs of the state. The constitution cannot be amended without the approval of more than two-thirds of the members of the parliament on the second and third readings. The fundamental liberties of Sigapore citizens are provided in Part IV of the Constitution namely liberty of the person, prohibition of slavery and forced labour, protection against retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials, equal protection under the law, prohibition of banishment and freedom of movement, freedom of speech, assembly and associatio n, freedom of religion and rights to education. It is noticed that the provisions on the fundamental liberties in the Constitution if Singapore has similarities to that of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. We can see that especially in the provision for liberty of person wherein the citizen is granted liberty to life saves in accordance to law. Isnt this an insult to the natural freedom blessed upon a human being? This implies that the government has every right to invoke restrictions on the liberty of a person as it deemed fits. Further restrictions on the fundamental rights of a Singapore citizen can be studied as in the table below. Apparently, the citizens of Singapore enjoy very much limited freedom compared to their neighbour, Malaysia. FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES RESTRICTIONS Liberties of a person Penal Code Internal security Act Criminal Law [Temporary Provision] Act Criminal proceduce Code Misuse of Drugs Act ** Death Penalty No slavery and force d labour Enlistment Act Prisons Act Criminal Law [Temporary Provision] Act No retrospective criminal laws and repeated trials Equality Policy on restricting marriages between Singapore citizens and work permit holders. No banishment Banishment Act Immigration Act Internal Security Act Passports Act National Registration Act Freedom of movement Housing policy on ethnic eligibility Freedom of speech, assembly and association Sedition Act Undesirable Publications Act Newspaper and Printing Presses Act Penal Code Internal Security Act Public entertainment Act Trade Unions Act Societies Act Mutual Benefit Organization Act Rules and regulations on Speakers Corner Right to lawyer Restricted by economic status of an individual Freedom of religion Religious harmony Act Right to education Policies on admission of children to schools eg. sterilization and educational achievements of parents The fundamental l iberties of a human being are essential to the United States of America. It is the duty of the government to uphold the rights as conferred in the constitution. The citizens of America believe staunchly that the stipulation of rights in the constitution without restrictions is vital for the growth and maturity of a democratic society. The concept practiced in America is vastly different from that in Malaysia and Singapore as in the United States of America prioritize the rights of the citizen above the government compared to the Asian countries. Examples like freedom of communication, freedom of thoughts, freedom to obtain knowledge etc, shows the level of maturity that differs between the countries mentioned. Of course the constitution of America does impose restrictions that is deem logically necessary to maintain the peace of the public. Another comparison that is clear cut is between the Internal Security Act 1960 of Malaysia and the Patriot Act 2001 of the United States of Amer ica. Below we could see the comparison between these two pieces of legislation. Name Malaysia Internal Security Act 1960 USA Patriot Act 2001 Purpose To provide for the internal security of Malaysia, preventive detention, the prevention of subversion, the suppression of organised violence against persons and property in specified areas of Malaysia, and for matters incidental thereto. To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes Applicability Applicable to all persons. (Both citizens and non-citizens) Applicable to alien (Non-US citizens only). Judicial Review Judicial review is restricted. Section 8B and 8C severely limit the courts ability to inquire into the legality of a detention except on questions of compliance with procedures. Judicial review in terms of habeas corpus proceedings is provided by the Act. Detention period Section 7 3 allows the police to detain for 60 days any person who may act in a manner prejudicial to the security of Malaysia.The Home Minister may authorize indefinite detention renewable every two years ad infinitum.  The Act allows 7 days detention after which he AG should initiate deportation proceedings, press charges or otherwise release the detainee. There is provision provided for the person to be detained for up to six months. The Court ruled that Attorney General is authorized to detain aliens as long as removal is reasonably foreseeable. Restricted conditions after released Those released before the end of their detention period are subject to imposed restricted conditionsfor the remainder of their detention periods. These conditions limited their rights to freedom of speech, association, and travel outside the country Either deportation or let free. No restricted conditions after released. Report to Parliament No equivalent provisions. Every 6 months, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate, with respect to the reporting period, the details of the detainees and the grounds for the detention. Review The Advisory Board shall review the detention every 2 years. The Attorney General shall review the detention every 6 months Sunset Provision No equivalent provisions The Act shall cease to have effect on Dec 31, 2005. We see from this classic example of the differences between the liberties granted by two countries from the east and west respectively. Consequently, it is vital for Malaysia to make serious amendments to uphold the liberties of the citizen with respect to the idealism of constitutionalism. Â

Kelvins Clouds Speech

On Friday, April 27, 1900, the British physicist Lord Kelvin gave a speech entitled Nineteenth-Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light, which began: The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heat and light to be modes of motion, is at present obscured by two clouds. Kelvin went on to explain that the clouds were two unexplained phenomena, which he portrayed as the final couple of holes that needed to be filled in before having a complete understanding of the thermodynamic and energy properties of the universe, explained in classical terms of the motion of particles. This speech, together with other comments attributed to Kelvin, such as by physicist Albert Michelson in an 1894 speech, indicate that he strongly believed the main role of physics in that day was to just measure known quantities to a great degree of precision, out to many decimal places of accuracy. Meaning of Clouds The clouds to which Kelvin was referring were: The inability to detect the luminous ether, specifically the failure of the Michelson-Morley experimentThe black body radiation effect—known as the ultraviolet catastrophe Importance References to this speech have become somewhat popular for one very simple reason: Lord Kelvin was about as wrong as he could possibly have been. Instead of minor details that had to be worked out, Kelvins two clouds instead represented fundamental limits to a classical approach to understanding the universe. Their resolution introduced whole new and unanticipated realms of physics, known collectively as modern physics. Quantum Physics In fact, Max Planck solved the black body radiation problem in 1900, presumably, after Kelvin gave his speech) In doing so, he had to invoke the concept of limitations on the allowed energy of emitted light. This concept of a light quanta was seen as a simple mathematical trick at the time, necessary to resolve the problem, but it worked. Plancks approach precisely explained the experimental evidence resulting from heated objects in the black-body radiation problem. However, in 1905, Einstein took the idea further and used the concept to also explain the photoelectric effect. Between these two solutions, it became clear that light seemed to exist as little packets, or quanta, of energy—photons, as they would later come to be called. Once it became clear that light existed in packets, physicists began to discover that all kinds of matter and energy existed in these packets, and the age of quantum physics began. Relativity The other cloud that Kelvin mentioned was the failure of the Michelson-Morley experiments to discuss the luminous ether. This was the theoretical substance that physicists of the day believed permeated the universe, so that light could move as a wave. The Michelson-Morley experiments had been a rather ingenious set of experiments, based on the idea that light would move at different speeds through the ether depending on how the Earth was moving through it. They constructed a method to measure this difference... but it hadnt worked. It appeared that the direction of lights motion had no bearing on the speed, which didnt fit with the idea of it moving through a substance like the ether. Again, though, in 1905 Einstein came along and set the ball rolling on this one. He laid out the premise of special relativity, invoking a postulate that light always moved at a constant speed. As he developed the theory of relativity, it became clear that the concept of the luminous ether was no longer particularly helpful, so scientists discarded it. References by Other Physicists Popular physics books have frequently referenced this event because it makes it clear that even very knowledgeable physicists can be overcome by overconfidence at the extent of their fields applicability. In his book The Trouble with Physics, theoretical physicist Lee Smolin says the following about the speech: William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), an influential British physicist, famously proclaimed that physics was over, except for two small clouds on the horizon. These clouds turned out to be the clues that led us to quantum theory and relativity theory. Physicist Brian Greene also references the Kelvin speech in The Fabric of the Cosmos: In 1900, Kelvin himself did note that two clouds were hovering on the horizon, one to do with properties of lights motion and the other with aspects of the radiation objects emit when heated, but there was a general feeling that these were mere details, which, no doubt, would soon be addressed. Within a decade, everything changed. As anticipated, the two problems Kelvin had raised were promptly addressed, but they proved anything but minor. Each ignited a revolution, and each requires a fundamental rewriting of natures laws.

My Unexpected Experience - 1008 Words

My unexpected experience Last month was horrible. My Dad had gotten sick. My family and I thought it was nothing but the flu because when he gets it, it always hits him harder than us kids; he is usually laid up in bed for about a week. When the week passed and he was still severely sick, we knew something was really wrong. That same day we noticed he was spitting up blood, his fever wasn t breaking, and he could barely move. My sister Brittany and I tried to get him to go to the hospital but instead he just laid there and said, I m tired; I ll go in the morning. We made him promise he would go. But now I wish I would ve dragged him out of bed that night. The next morning my cousin and my little brother were getting†¦show more content†¦The second day he showed a little improvement: he went from a thirty percent to a thirty-five percent chance of living, which only got better every day. By the fourth day they couldn t put a percentage on it because he was doing way better, but he was still hooked to all the machines. By the sixth day they took him off life support and he could finally talk to us. That night we went home to sleep in our own beds. My dad stayed up there for another week and finally came home. God really watched out for us. Since that experience my way of thinking changed. Life can be taken from you in the matter of minutes. So I live life to the fullest every day. I try not to sweat the small things and ignore the drama. Before my dad was hospitalized I never went to church. Since he s been out I go every Sunday faithfully. Because I really believe God helped my family through this I know, I can really say this experience changed my life thank you to all friends and family who came to the hospital to help us through this event and thanks to god for letting himShow MoreRelatedEssay To My One Love1256 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facing death at any age is difficult, but for Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and John Sullivan, it came early, resulting in two essays r etelling their experience.   In their accounts of these situations, the author can see they both want to emphasise that death can come in very unexpected situations.   To My One Love, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, begins on page 17 of 50 Essays by Samuel Cohen.   In her essay, set in present day, she has flashbacks to her relationship with a boy â€Å"from the wrong side ofRead MoreAnalysis OfTuft Of Flowers, And Home Burial970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscoveries can be sudden and unexpected inevitably leading to new perceptions of the world, new values and understandings of ourselves and others. 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Definition of Quality free essay sample

There is an old maxim in management that says, If you ant measure it, you cant manage it, and so it is with quality. If strategic management systems and the competitive advantage are to be based on quality, every member of the organization should be clear about this concept, definition, and measurement as it applies to his or her Job. Harvard professor David Carving summarized five principal approaches to defining quality. First of it is transcendental view of quality. Those who hold transcendental view would say, l cant define it, but I know when I see It. Advertisers are fond of promoting products in these terms.Where shopping Is a pleasure for supermarket, We love to fly and it shows for airline, and It means beautiful eyes for cosmetics are example. Next Is the product- based view. Product based definitions are different. Quality Is viewed as quantifiable and measurable characteristics or attributes. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Quality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example durability or reliability can be measured, and the engineer can design to that benchmark. Quality is determined objectively. Although this approach has many benefits, it has limitations as well. Where quality is based on individual taste or preference, the benchmark for assortment may be misleading.Then, the next principal Is the user-based view. User based definitions are based on the idea that quality is an individual matter, and products that best satisfy their preferences are those with the highest quality. This is a rational approach but leads to two problems. First, consumer preferences vary widely, and It is difficult to aggregate these preferences Into products with wide appeal. This leads to the choice between a niche strategy and a market aggregation approach which tries to Identify those product attributes that meet the needs of the arrest number of consumers.Moreover, the next principal Is manufacturing-based View. Manufacturing-based definitions are concerned primarily with engineering and manufacturing practices and use the universal definition of conformance to requirements. Requirements, or specifications, are established design, and any deviation implies a reduction in quality. The concept applies to services as well as products. Excellence in quality is not necessarily in the eye of the beholder but rather in the standards set by the organization. This approach has serious weaknesses.The consumers perception of quality is equated with conformance and hence is internally focused. Emphasis on reliability in design and manufacturing tends to address cost reduction as the objective, and cost reduction is perceived In a limited way-invest In design and manufacturing Improvement until these incremental costs equal the costs of non-quality such as rework or scrap. The last principal Is value- based view. Value-based quality Is defined In terms of costs and prices as well as a number of other attributes.

Jazz Pedagogy Secondary School Music Teachers free essay sample

Jazz pedagogy is not a required field of study for music education majors in the state of California and many other states. Many new music teachers, employed as band directors in secondary schools, often find themselves directing a Jazz ensemble with little or no personal experience In playing or Improvising Jazz. Jazz Is one of the most important music taught in public middle and high schools (Kelly, 2013). There are several studies (Mantle, 2009, Milkiest, 2001 , Wetted, 2007), which show that participation and interest in public school Jazz band programs has continued to rise since the sass.Moonwalk (2001) reports that, In 1960, there were 5,000 high school jazz bands in this country, and in 1980 there were more than 500,000. Students majoring in English Literature, would not earn their bachelor degree, let alone qualify for their Single Subject Teaching Credential in English, without ever studying William Shakespeare. However, In the state of California, students majoring In music education can graduate and receive their California State Single Subject Teaching Credential without ever taking a class in Jazz studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz Pedagogy Secondary School Music Teachers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In California, music teachers are entrusted to teach music, including Jazz music, to more than 2. Million students In more than 1200 middle schools and 1300 high schools throughout the state (CA Dept. Of Education 2011-12), and many of them have no experience In Jazz pedagogy. Both Kelly (2013) and Milkiest (2001), agree that most music education majors enter the field with little or no jazz experience and are expected to be experts (at least in the eyes of students, administrators, and parents) without adequate support from collegiate music education.Graduating as a music education major without any course work in jazz pedagogy and no personal experience in jazz improvisation is a ajar weakness in the music curriculum, in the state of California. Commenting on the 1994 publication of the united States National Music Standards, Benedict, (2006, p. 18), stated It appears that, over the past 113 years, little has changed, or been questioned, with regard to the goals and purposes of a music education program. Changing the dominant status quo in any organization, institution or government means changing the attitude and biases of the individuals that are in control.Those In control could be considered the oppressors, but not the oppressors that Paulo Fire refers to in his seminal book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Rather, the oppressor refers to the hegemony found in society, and therefore schools, that dictates what and whose knowledge is most worth having (Benedict, 2006, p. 21). In music education, for example, considerations of curriculum namely what of all that could be taught Is most worth teaching -? cannot be determined by empirical research and thus are all but ignored in the present how to climate of instrumental reason (Resellers, 2005, p. ). The differences between theory and practice are issues that can be viewed through the lens of critical theory. Critical theory Is a theory of social change. The alma of critical theorists Is to uncover the underlying assumptions we have about a given subject; they help and bring to light that which keep us from understanding the true reality of that subject. In the words of Resellers, (2005, p. 17), I OFF and thus makes the individual the subject of his or her own destiny, not an object for the carrying out of instrumental reason. Critical consciousness can empower people to take ownership of their own and collective interests and give them the ability to change those interests. A critical theory of music education will look with approval on methods that actually empower students to be able to and want to be musically involved throughout life with music (Resellers, 2005, p. 19). Colleges and universities need to consider new ways of teaching their education majors a broader genre of music. Teaching, what has been regarded as the standard curriculum content, is not giving future music educators the tools and disciplines they need to teach Jazz pedagogy.Being an effective teacher of Jazz requires the teacher to be a practitioner of Jazz. A cursory course in Jazz pedagogy will not suffice. Future secondary school teachers need to participate in Jazz ensembles. School teachers need to learn how to improvise and create melodies over the blues and standard chord progressions. They need to know the history of Jazz and who the major contributors of the art form were and currently are. Music educators must bridge the gap between band repertoire and Jazz culture. To be effective as educators-? teachers who can model, guide, and mentor young Jazz musicians, and who can connect them to the community of Jazz-?music education students must immerse themselves in the sounds, styles, and culture of Jazz (Vole, 2005, p. 2). Initially, learning about Jazz is learning how to listen. Modifying the curriculum in our colleges and universities, to allow education majors to explore Jazz, means changing the hegemonic notion that teaching music is only teaching Western classical art music.We need to not only change the course catalog, but also change the attitude of the music faculty. The music literature taught at most schools is a reflection of the faculty that teaches at those institutions. Even though Jazz pedagogy has exploded over the past 50 years, it is shown little respect by many faculty members in institutions of Geiger learning. We need to empower education majors and faculty members to change the status quo of the music education curriculum. Jazz education is an integral part of the music curriculum in public schools, in California.

Commercial Compromise essays

Commercial Compromise essays Dependent on British goods for the survival of their agricultural economy, the Southern States strongly opposed any attempts by Congress to tax foreign and interstate imports. This was seen as a direct affront to the South as well as to states' rights in general. Those who believed in a strong, powerful federal government favored import duties because the money raised bolstered the national economy. As the United States was still a new nation, federal monies were needed to fund infrastructures. However, the American economy was still regional in the decades immediately following the War of Independence. The North became increasingly industrial in nature and was largely self-sufficient. Northern states did not rely on foreign imports as much as the southern states did at the time. However, the south had been practicing a plantation economy for centuries and to suddenly impose a tax would burden many southern plantation owners and business men and severely cut into profits. The south felt that this would place them at an economic disadvantage and that the north would be heavily favored in the federal government. Therefore, the issue of taxation became one of the most I support the views of the north for several reasons and propose an interesting solution to this issue. First, I believe that as a new nation, all states and all citizens must make an effort to join forces and one of the ways of achieving this unity is through economic interdependence. The federal government needs to raise money from some kind of taxes; without a national pool of money there would be little need for a national government. One of the most convenient and reasonable ways to raise federal funds is through import tariffs. Moreover, import tariffs encourage domestic production of goods. Except for those goods that absolutely cannot be produced a t home, most of our nation's supply should come f ...

Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quotation - Essay Example a) Freedom of speech and expression Freedom of speech is very crucial aspect of human beings. Every human being is entitled to his or mind and opinions (Samalavic?ius 18). This is because human beings vary in the manner and level of thinking, perception and looking at issues affecting them on earth. Due to such variations, people should be allowed to freely express their thoughts, feelings, ideas, and opinions concerning issues of life. Restricting people from expressing their ideas and thoughts is dangerous as it denies them the opportunity to present opinions, feelings, and ideas (Samalavic?ius 18). Some of the issues might be interfering with a person’s life, and thus the need to raise or express his or her dissatisfaction with the issues. In expressing his feelings or opinions on such issues, human beings might generate useful ideas and thoughts that may contribute to improved living standards of all people on earth. This is because there are people with brilliant ideas th at when implemented can solve some of the problems, and thus relieve or reduce life stresses (Samalavic?ius 27). Thus, freedom of speech is necessary since it ensures that people have freedom to write their minds, and thereby informing others of their perceptions and feelings towards certain issues of concern. Moreover, lack of freedom of speech hinders people from reading articles or other ideas written by other individuals. This bad since it denies people right to learn from and share ideas with other people. b) Freedom of worship The freedom to worship is very fundamental on earth. This is because people posses divergent views and perceptions concerning their faiths and beliefs about the existence of supernatural powers in the universe (Samalavic?ius 35). This is because human beings come from divergent backgrounds consisting of varied cultures and practices. Thus, recognizing and appreciating these cultural and social differences is crucial for peaceful existence on earth. Every person should be allowed to worship anything he prefers or recognizes as important since it is impossible to tell the reason for choosing the object or the unseen spirit. Consequently, recognition and respect for different religions on earth is vital for promotion of peace, love, and harmony (Samalavic?ius 51). This is because the existence of religious wars such as between Shia and Sunni Muslims, the fighting between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland and England arose due to disregard of other religions on the earth. Moreover, religious conflicts continue to emerge everyday in countries such as Nigeria, Egypt and in Iraq. For instance, in Egypt, the Muslim majority undermines the Copts since they are of Christian faith. Therefore, such freedom should be respected in all places on earth in order to avoid provoking other people and thereby causing tension and hatred. This is to avoid compromising peace and love among people on the earth. c) Freedom from want All human beings need to be financially stable. Being financially stable allows man to lead a good life whereby he can purchase or get anything he needs in order to satisfy his or her want (Samalavic?ius 91). Therefore, economic empowerment of man is essential since it ensures that people lead a comfortable life void of financial strains and stresses. In order to achieve financial stability and economic empowerm

The Port Authority Trans Hudson (P.A.T.H.) Term Paper

The Port Authority Trans Hudson (P.A.T.H.) - Term Paper Example By the close of the 2011 fiscal year, the ridership had risen to over 250, 000 (Carleton 4) There are a number of rail services in the country, which exists independently, in New Jersey, Manhattan, and Hoboken, the PATH uses underground rail networks, this allows for convenience and reduces the chances of accidents as the train rapid train services travels at speed exceeding 200kilometer per hour. As the rail system approaches the New York city, its rail system crosses or runs adjacent to other independently existing rail service providers such as the New York city subway. Despite the closeness of the rails or the crossing patterns of the rail system, PATH uses only its rail system without overlapping or running on other company’s system. Currently the PATH has grown and increased its infrastructure to sustain the current statistics of ridership and intercity connections. This is a reflection of effective management and infrastructural transformations successfully implemented by the port authority during its take over in the 19590s. PATH originally known as Hudson and Manhattan Railroad dates back to before the first New York subway the railroad was first planned in 1874. In the plan, the railroad was to connect New York and New Jerseys while passing through such adjacent neighborhoods as Hudson. The construction could not take effect as the available infrastructure could not effectively tunnel the railroad below the Hudson River. The construction began in 1890 but stopped again in 1900 as the company ran out of funds. When the company through the help of a young Tennessee lawyer, William Gibbs McAdoo secured the funding in 1992, the construction resumed but the company had to change tact as McAdoo became the chief executive officer of the rail system. He called for the application of better technology in the construction of the underground tunnels; the constructor therefore employed the use of tubular cast iron plating. Te tubular cast iron had higher t ensile force and could therefore resist more tension than the compact wrought iron that the company had previously used. The construction of underground rail required a lot of precaution, at some places the ground was soft and readily gave way burying the workers. The company had to take act cautiously while employing the best technology that could safeguard the million plus travelers who would eventually use the system. The rail system was guided by the need to secure the safety of both the passengers and the rest of the society. The company therefore needed to minimize incidents of accidents; this informed the idea of either underground or over ground networks. In the neighborhoods of Grove Street in Jersey City all the way to Newark, the rail system runs at ground level and in raised trucks (Davies 166). The choice of what type of rail to use at the different places was informed by the complexity of the area’s planning. The Groove street was already populated by the time t he rail network was laid, it thus become impossible to displace the people and destroy the buildings, furthermore, the ground is a wetland which proved cumbersome to navigate and install the underground tunnels. The first train journey took place in 1907 between Hoboken and the 19th street. The management at the time lived through some

Mill vs. Raz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mill vs. Raz - Essay Example Guided by 'one very simple principle' he outlines an argument for a system, which he believed, provided the best possible environment for individual and social progress (Mill, 1991, p.30). Mill advocates for human's shortcoming and their incompleteness of knowledge, which means that the "truth" is not always the truth. Based on Mill's assertions, any one group who attempts to coerce another group or individual is breaching individual liberty, which leads to the stagnation of the intellectual community. The key to progress lies in the condition of seeking the best span of human experience and development. The individual in the Millian liberal society is engaged in 'experiments in living'; attempts to find "new, deeper or merely different sources of happiness in life", uncoerced by the state or fellow individuals. (Ryan, 1991, p.166) The most important aspect of well-being is to note that the individual has complete authority in matters regarding themselves, society does not have the r ight to restrict the individual, as long as the actions of the individual is not causing harm to themselves or others. Liberty is, therefore, an integral component of well-being; liberty provides the best possible conditions to achieve the "permanent interests of man as a progressive being." (Mill, 1991, p.31) In Joseph's Raz's The Morality of Freedom, his theory does not rest on a human being's fallacies but instead he argues that the individual's w... Raz creates an idea of the individual's well-being results from not just one being but that individual's situation within a culture, history, and society. He makes the simple argument that if a government can make a universal decision to prevent murder, then the state can act in defense of moral reason. Raz states that 'governments should promote the moral quality of the life of those whose lives and actions they can affect.' (1988, p.415) He advocates that the individuals will adapt to society's preferences and then will be able to have a good life, striving for well-being. Raz declares that the importance of a liberal society does not rely on the individual choice, as it does for Mill, but instead the individual should be able to choose between various alternatives that have been determined and supported by the society where the individual resides. A person's well-being should not be dependant on how the individual lives their life and how they determine their actions to be of vale but rather their well-being rests on how living a life is valuable independent of how it helps the individual. As he explains, an "autonomous life is valuable only if it is spent in the pursuit of acceptable and valuable projects and relationships." (1988, p.417) To best illustrate Mill and Raz's ideals for an individual's well-being take for example an person's addiction to alcohol. Through Mill's theory, the demand and priority for an individual's liberty in this self-regarding conduct and the belief in human experimentation does not accrue any benefits for the individual. It is highly unlikely that the majority of individuals will benefit from a life influenced by drugs. Raz on the other hand argues that the life of a drug addict is clearly inferior in terms

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

A Doll’s House   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In past history, society has been both very prejudiced and traditional with its view of gender roles. Often times a woman would not have had the same right to something as a man did. Many women however went against the law and tradition to do what they thought was right. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, Nora does something that is unimaginable during the time period. Nora’s husband Torvald believes he is the man of the house and that his wife should be grateful and entertaining for him. Nora however signs her father’s name to a document in an attempt to do something she feels is right. What she doesn’t realize though is that by doing so she has committed forgery. Nora’s act of forgery was inspired by many reasons, and resulted in both expected and unexpected outcomes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora was inclined for many reasons to commit the forgery. At the time Torvald was on the verge of dying and Nora desperately wanted to save him. Doctors warned Nora that her husband’s â€Å"life was in danger† and the only thing that would â€Å"save him [was] a stay in the south† (Ibsen 976). Nora couldn’t afford to travel though and was forced to somehow find the money. During this time period however â€Å"a wife [couldn’t] borrow without her husband’s consent†, so Nora had to get a man’s signature to take out a loan (976). Nora knew Torvald would not take out a loan because it would hurt his reputation as a banker, so she forged her father’...

Position of Women in Mordern India Essay

The position of women has changed a lot in modern times. Clearly women have made tremendous strides towards equality in recent decades however; we still live in a society in which the worth of women is measured in their physical appearance and not their intellectual contribution or talents. It is not an unknown secret that many women are paid considerably less than men for doing the same type of work. What effect does this obvious gap between men and women have on our nation’s female population? The effect of this is the unconscious perpetuation of the understanding that women are inferior to men in our society. This also stands in direct contradiction to the claim that we are all created equal. This gap between men and women can be seen in countless social arenas, such as, the workplace, the average household, educational institutions and even in our nation’s government. In the society, the role of women is getting bigger. Women are doing man’s work and sometimes women do it better. It may be because women are more patient and more intelligent. The concept of earlier days was that only man can work, because society thought that cleaning the house and taking care of the children were the only things women were able to do. This has changed a lot because now both, men and women, are working and taking care of home. Sometimes it is the woman who gets the money to survive and man is the one who takes cares of the children, and while it was embarrassing for men in the past, now it is normal. We have seen a woman P.M. in our country – one of the most powerful and undoubtedly the most efficient P.M.s we ever had – Mrs. Indira Gandhi. We also see a woman President – Mrs. Pratibha Patel. So a woman has the capability to hold the highest post of the country as well. Be it in politics (Jayalalitha, Mamta Banerjee, Mayawati – love them, hate them, but you cannot ignore them), sports, cinema or literary field, we see women dominating the scene side-by-side with men MAYANK SHARMA

The Justice And Restorative Justice - 1621 Words

Punishment is not necessarily the answer for young offenders, as crime is a gesture for help in many cases, and punishment-focused approaches don’t allow young individuals the chance to understand the implications of their actions through a victim s’ perspective (Choi, Green, and Gilbert 337). Policies and practices for youths need to fulfill more than entrapment and punishment, providing rationale for restorative justice (337). Crimes committed by young individuals are often minor, first-time acts which can be mediated and addressed through the proactive administration of restorative rehabilitation, which often prevents recidivism. Restorative justice is a process where all parties involved in a particular offense come together in order to collectively resolve the aftermath and future implications of the specific crime (Roche 343). Restorative justice is the the ideal response for the majority of youth involved in criminal activity, as it’s a rehabilitative meth od that produces positive healing processes and outcomes, especially in comparison to retributive justice approaches. Martin Wright explains that restorative justice involves a fundamental change in the response a society has towards individuals who harm one another. Wright elaborates that this terminology shifts the meaning of crime, stressing the fact that people are harmed, rather than a crime was broken (Wright 216). This highlights the ultimate source of restorative justice, and its strong relationship withShow MoreRelatedRESTORATIVE JUSTICE1036 Words   |  5 Pages Restorative Justice Introduction to Criminal Court Systems - CJA 224 January 20, 2014 Michael S. Hudson Restorative Justice Other than the conventional Criminal Justice process there is a new way to handle crime called the Restorative Justice program. This program exists only in certain cities throughout the United States. The Restorative Justice program has the purpose to reduce crime. This program has many steps, and during the course of the process hasRead MoreRestorative Justice1645 Words   |  7 PagesRestorative Justice Restorative Justice is an alternative to the traditional system. Even though restorative justice will never replace the traditional system, it has a balanced focus on the person harmed, the person causing the harm and the affected community, rather than just the crime through the eyes of the law. Restorative Justice is always voluntary for the victims, and the offenders have to be willing to cooperate and they have to want to do this. Restorative Justice is a forward-lookingRead MoreRestorative Justice788 Words   |  4 Pagessecond decision to do something bad. Likewise, Wichmann explains, the restorative justice process benefits those who have been victims. When somebody is harmed, it’s hard to understand why the crime happened to them. In a typical criminal justice system there is little opportunity for victims to understand or feel like there has been opportunity for them to hear apology from the offender. In that sense, restorative justice feels more fulfilling to all parties (Wichmann, B. personal communicationRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System1993 Words   |  8 Pages Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System Nathan Tabita Columbia College Abstract Throughout this paper, various articles will be discussed in further detail on the issue of restorative justice within the criminal justice system in the United States. Both benefits and disadvantages of restorative justice will be analyzed, in order to have a greater understanding of the alternative justice program, and to remove any preconceived ideas unsubstantiated by facts. FocusRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System1931 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is a comparative newcomer to the world of criminal justice; however restorative justice has been around, ‘officially’- by means of legislation for 14 years, and unofficially (in innovative practice), for longer. The knowledge and skills associated with restorative justice have slowly but surely migrated to other services, such as education, with startling results (Daniels, 2013). With the criminal justice system being so unfair and bias for years maybe even centuriesRead MoreRestorative Justice And Justice System2338 Words   |  10 Pages Restorative justice has some key restorative values that are vital in the restorative justice conference to make the experience ‘restorative’. Concerning addressing victim needs and concerns means for listening, respecting, being non-judgmental, not blaming the victim and apologizing. The RJ system was bought as an alternative to the criminal justice system to give greater emphasis on victim rights and needs, offender accountability and community involvement. Throughout the essay, there will beRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1905 Words   |  8 PagesThere are two forms of justice that the American society has come to know today. One is the traditional justice system and the other is restorative justice. The first half of this paper will provide an overview of how justice is achieved using the traditional due process system of our criminal justice system. Specifically, I will assess each step of due process, pointing out the possible outcomes of how justice is traditionally attained. I will also provide several examples of how the system hasRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal withRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System2505 Words   |  11 PagesRESTORATIVE JUSTICE A DEFINITION The Oxford Dictionary defines the word restorative as having the ability to restore (i.e. repair, renovate or reinstate) health, strength or a feeling of well-being. Also, it defines the word justice as the administration of the law or authority in maintaining just behaviour or treatment. Thus, in lay man’s terms restorative justice would mean having the ability to reinstate a feeling of well-being by the administration of the law. Although there is an increasedRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice Centres2325 Words   |  10 PagesRestorative Justice(RJ) is a process in by which it takes an alternative form from the traditional CJS and aims to prompt resolution with offender, victims and the wider community in a safe setting. RJ looks at crime in terms of violation against the community and individual rather than a violation against the law (Gabbay, 2005). As with the traditional CJS, the voices of the victims and offenders are very minimal and not adequately addressed to a large extent; restorative justice centres its main